Sixty-Seven Years Ago …

This is a repeat of a post I published on this date last year.  With all the efforts by certain states to whitewash the history of this nation, or to simply refrain from teaching our next generation about the history of the nation they live in, I think it is more important than ever before to be reminded of some parts of our past.  Disturbing?  Hell yes!  But it happened and to ignore it is a crime … one that will have serious consequences in the future.  And so, please bear with me as I tell you the story of Emmett Till once again …

It was sixty-seven years ago today that a 14-year-old boy, Emmett Till, was brutally murdered for the crime of being Black in a town called Money, Mississippi.  You all know the story, but allow me to just quickly refresh your memories …

Emmett was from ‘up north’ in Chicago, but his mother had sent him to Mississippi to spend the final two weeks of summer with his beloved grandfather before returning to school.  One day he went into a small store to buy some candy and as the cashier returned his change, his hand accidentally and briefly touched hers.  That, my friends, was all it took to get this young man killed.

By the time the story had been spread and embellished on, it was said that he caressed the clerk … a woman much older than Emmett who he would likely have seen as being the age of his own mother … had wolf-whistled and flirted with her.  While none of these are crimes, more importantly, he did none of the above as witnesses would later recall.  But this was Mississippi in the 1950s, the Jim Crow era.

Long story short, his assailants—the white woman’s husband, Roy Bryant, and his half-brother, John Milam—dragged young Emmett from his grandfather’s home and made him carry a 75-pound cotton gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River and ordered him to take off his clothes. The two men then beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head and then threw his body, tied to the cotton gin fan with barbed wire, into the river.

In September a trial was held for the two murderers and on September 23, the all-white, all-male jury deliberated 67 minutes before acquitting Bryant and Milam. Jurors later admitted in interviews that although they knew Bryant and Milam were guilty of Till’s murder, they did not think imprisonment or the death penalty were appropriate punishments for white men who had killed a black man.  The white woman, Carolyn Bryant, later recanted her testimony.

Why do I rehash this story today?  This is one of thousands of tragic stories from that era, but it is one that has received the most attention, one that we can point to and say, “That is who we used to be.”  Or … can we?  I have fairly recently come to believe that it is still who some of us are today.  I don’t think it’s a long stretch of the imagination to think of a similar atrocity happening in 21st Century Mississippi … or Alabama … Louisiana … Texas.

This is why we MUST teach about Emmett Till and the others in our schools today.  We must open the eyes of our young people to the past in order to ensure we don’t repeat that sordid past.  Just a few weeks ago, before Afghanistan took the spotlight, there was a big brouhaha about teaching ‘Critical Race Theory’ in the schools.  There is an element of our society who would have future generations believe that the U.S. was founded only on compassion and altruism, that the nation’s history is all rosy and beautiful.  It isn’t.

Every single schoolchild by the age of 12 should be aware of the story of Emmett Till, as well as Thomas Moss, Will Stewart, Calvin McDowell and thousands of others. Don’t recognize those names?  Look them up!  Some 6,500 Black people were lynched in the United States between 1865 and 1950 – and that’s only the ones we know about.  No, this is not the ‘pretty’ part of our history BUT … it IS part of our history, part of what has made this nation what it is today.  To hide it, to sweep it under the carpet, is criminal and ultimately will lead us right back to that dirty, dark place of the Jim Crow era.  I don’t know about you, but I don’t want to go back there.

Sixty-Six Years Ago …

It was sixty-six years ago today that a 14-year-old boy, Emmett Till, was brutally murdered for the crime of being Black in a town called Money, Mississippi.  You all know the story, but allow me to just quickly refresh your memories …

Emmett was from ‘up north’ in Chicago, but his mother had sent him to Mississippi to spend the final two weeks of summer with his beloved grandfather before returning to school.  One day he went into a small store to buy some candy and as the cashier returned his change, his hand accidentally and briefly touched hers.  That, my friends, was all it took to get this young man killed.

By the time the story had been spread and embellished on, it was said that he caressed the clerk … a woman much older than Emmett who he would likely have seen as being the age of his own mother … had wolf-whistled and flirted with her.  While none of these are crimes, more importantly, he did none of the above as witnesses would later recall.  But this was Mississippi in the 1950s, the Jim Crow era.

Long story short, his assailants—the white woman’s husband, Roy Bryant, and his half-brother, John Milam—dragged young Emmett from his grandfather’s home and made him carry a 75-pound cotton gin fan to the bank of the Tallahatchie River and ordered him to take off his clothes. The two men then beat him nearly to death, gouged out his eye, shot him in the head and then threw his body, tied to the cotton gin fan with barbed wire, into the river.

In September a trial was held for the two murderers and on September 23, the all-white, all-male jury deliberated 67 minutes before acquitting Bryant and Milam. Jurors later admitted in interviews that although they knew Bryant and Milam were guilty of Till’s murder, they did not think imprisonment or the death penalty were appropriate punishments for white men who had killed a black man.  The white woman, Carolyn Bryant, later recanted her testimony.

Why do I rehash this story today?  This is one of thousands of tragic stories from that era, but it is one that has received the most attention, one that we can point to and say, “That is who we used to be.”  Or … can we?  I have fairly recently come to believe that it is still who some of us are today.  I don’t think it’s a long stretch of the imagination to think of a similar atrocity happening in 21st Century Mississippi … or Alabama … Louisiana … Texas.

This is why we MUST teach about Emmett Till and the others in our schools today.  We must open the eyes of our young people to the past in order to ensure we don’t repeat that sordid past.  Just a few weeks ago, before Afghanistan took the spotlight, there was a big brouhaha about teaching ‘Critical Race Theory’ in the schools.  There is an element of our society who would have future generations believe that the U.S. was founded only on compassion and altruism, that the nation’s history is all rosy and beautiful.  It isn’t.

Every single schoolchild by the age of 12 should be aware of the story of Emmett Till, as well as Thomas Moss, Will Stewart, Calvin McDowell and thousands of others. Don’t recognize those names?  Look them up!  Some 6,500 Black people were lynched in the United States between 1865 and 1950 – and that’s only the ones we know about.  No, this is not the ‘pretty’ part of our history BUT … it IS part of our history, part of what has made this nation what it is today.  To hide it, to sweep it under the carpet, is criminal and ultimately will lead us right back to that dirty, dark place of the Jim Crow era.  I don’t know about you, but I don’t want to go back there.

You Cannot Un-Lynch A Dead Man …

“In August 1955, Emmett Till, a black teenager from Chicago, was visiting relatives in Mississippi when he stopped at Bryant’s Grocery and Meat Market. There he encountered Carolyn Bryant, a white woman. Whether Till really flirted with Bryant or whistled at her isn’t known. But what happened four days later is. Bryant’s husband Roy and his half-brother, J.W. Milam, seized the 14-year-old from his great-uncle’s house. The pair then beat Till, shot him, and strung barbed wire and a 75-pound metal fan around his neck and dumped the lifeless body in the Tallahatchie River. A white jury quickly acquitted the men, with one juror saying it had taken so long only because they had to break to drink some pop. When Till’s mother Mamie came to identify her son, she told the funeral director, “Let the people see what I’ve seen.” She brought him home to Chicago and insisted on an open casket. Tens of thousands filed past Till’s remains, but it was the publication of the searing funeral image in Jet, with a stoic Mamie gazing at her murdered child’s ravaged body, that forced the world to reckon with the brutality of American racism.”Time 

till-carolyn

Carolyn Bryant

Just yesterday (Friday, 27 January 2017), it was made known that the person who caused Emmett Till’s murder, Carolyn Bryant (Donham) confessed that she lied back in 1955.  She lied … because … ???    Who knows?  The reality is that all Emmett Till did was wolf-whistle at 21-year-old Carolyn Bryant who was working behind the counter in the family-owned grocery store where Till was paying for his bubble gum.  A 14-year-old kid.  Whistled at an attractive young woman.  And for this he lost his life in the most brutal fashion imaginable.

Carolyn actually walked to the door behind young Emmett and his cousins, whereby Emmett, being from Chicago and not familiar with “southern protocol” waved, said “good-bye”, not “good-bye ma’am”, as was the “proper” way for a black male to address a white female in the racist southern culture, and as he reached the car, gave a wolf-whistle.  Carolyn, apparently never having been whistled at before, said she was afraid. She was Afraid. Of a Whistle. That evening, she reported the incident to her husband Roy, but she embellished the story just a bit.  She said that Emmett had grabbed her and was menacing and sexually crude toward her. Mr. Bryant, a good ol’ southern white boy, was instantly enraged and along with his friend, J.W. Milam dragged Emmett out of his uncle’s home where he was visiting, beat him, shot him, wrapped barbed wire around his neck, tied a 75-pound weight around him and threw his body into the Tallahatchie River. All because he whistled and did not say “ma’am”. Let that one sink in for a minute.

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Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam

Roy Bryant and J.W. Milam were tried the following month, and were acquitted by an all-white jury after only 67 minutes of deliberation, during which time the jury took one break.  The next year, Bryant and Milam confessed to killing Till in an interview with Look Magazine  for which they were reportedly paid between $3,600 – $4,000.  The law of double jeopardy prevented them being tried again, though I would argue that their public confession constituted new evidence and therefore they could have been re-tried. But alas, it was Mississippi in the 1950s.

till-tyson.jpgNow fast-forward to yesterday, when it was made public that Ms. Donham actually confessed to the lie in 2007.  Yes, ten years ago, Donham, formerly Carolyn Bryant, confessed to Timothy B. Tyson, a Duke University professor and historian, specializing in issues of race and culture associated with the Civil Rights movement.  It is believed to be the only interview she has ever given.  Why did Tyson wait ten years to share this knowledge with the public?  Because he wanted to write a book.  Yes, folks, Timothy B. Tyson withheld information about a lie that led to murder for ten years for p-r-o-f-i-t.  Tyson’s book, titled The Blood of Emmett Till, is to be released next Tuesday, 31 January, and I hope it does not sell a single copy.  This man withheld this information for TEN YEARS so that he could profit from a book. He is a disgrace to mankind.

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Mamie Elizabeth Till-Mobley, Emmett’s mother

 

As noted in the first paragraph, Emmett Till’s mother demanded an open casket because she wanted the world to see what had been done to her son.  Sadly, she died in 2003 without learning the truth.  Or, perhaps it was better that she not know. The murder of Emmett Till is considered to be one of the catalysts that prompted the Civil Rights movement.

Mr. Tyson noted in an interview on Friday with Vanity Fair magazine that “That case went a long way toward ruining her [Donham’s] life.”  Perhaps I am cruel and heartless, but I have zero sympathy for Ms. Donham.  It happened 62 years ago. Nothing that has happened since that day would have changed the outcome for Emmett Till.  But there is a lot of guilt to go around here, including the guilt of Timothy B. Tyson for withholding information from law enforcement and the public for ten long years while he wrote his book.

Today, after reading about Ms. Donham’s confession and writing this post, I am thinking of Ferguson, Missouri and the killing of Michael Brown.  I think of Sanford, Florida and the killing of Trayvon Martin.  I think of Alton Sterling in Baton Rouge.  Different situations, certainly, but I wonder if in 50-60 years, somebody will come forward and say, as Ms. Donham did … “I lied”.